Read the Comprehension and answer the questions below:

The rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 1980s and its adoption of ‘Hindutva’ as part of its political platform marked a significant shift in Indian politics. Hindutva, propagated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, emphasized that India should be seen both as the "fatherland" and the "holy land" for Hindus. While the BJP initially struggled to gain electoral success, its platform found resonance with several developments, such as the Shah Bano case and the Ayodhya issue, which significantly influenced the party's political mobilization.

The Shah Bano case of 1985, where the Supreme Court ruled in favor of a Muslim woman’s right to maintenance after a divorce, led to controversy and was seen as an infringement upon Muslim personal laws. The BJP strongly opposed the Congress government’s response, calling it a form of "appeasement" to the minority community. The Ayodhya issue further bolstered the BJP's rise as it involved the disputed site of Shri Ram's birthplace and tensions between Hindus and Muslims regarding its ownership. In 1992, the demolition of the Babri Masjid at the site stirred immense controversy, challenging the principles of secularism and democracy.

The 1990s saw the rise of coalition politics, with the BJP consolidating its position and the Congress facing challenges to its dominance. Despite this, the BJP and Congress continued to compete fiercely, marking a new phase in India's political landscape.