Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.

Research is a detailed study of a subject undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, or develop new theories. To test the validity of instruments, procedures. or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. There are several forms of research- scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, etc.

Academic publishing describes a system that is necessary in order for academic scholars to review the work and make it available for a wider audience. Most academic work is published in book form. There is also a large body of research that exists in either a thesis or dissertation form. Many researchers spent their time applying for grants for research funds. These grants are necessary not only for researchers to carry out their research but also as a source of merit.