The critical hydraulic gradient observed for sand boiling condition is given by:

1
\(i_c = \dfrac{G-1}{1+e}\)
2
\(i_c = \dfrac{G+1}{1-e}\)
3
\(i_c = \dfrac{G-1}{1-e}\)
4
\(i_c = \dfrac{G+1}{1+e}\)

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