When L denotes the Latitudes and D denotes the departures, then the closing error is given by.
1
\(\frac{{{\rm{\Sigma }}L + {\rm{\Sigma }}D}}{{2N}}\)
2
\(\frac{{{\rm{\Sigma }}L}}{N} + \frac{{{\rm{\Sigma }}D}}{N}\)
3
\(\sqrt {{\rm{\Sigma }}L + {\rm{\Sigma }}D} \)
4
\(\sqrt {{\rm{\Sigma }}{L^2} + {\rm{\Sigma }}{D^2}} \)