During the formation of chips in machining with a cutting tool, which one of the following relations holds good?

Where V is the cutting speed, VC is the velocity of the chip, VS is the velocity at which shearing takes place along the shear plane, ϕ is the shear angle and α is the rake angle. 

1
\(\frac{V}{{\cos \left( {\phi - \alpha } \right)}} = \frac{{{V_S}}}{{\cos \alpha }} = \frac{{{V_C}}}{{\sin \phi }}\)
2
\(\frac{V}{{\sin \left( {\phi - \alpha } \right)}} = \frac{{{V_S}}}{{\cos \alpha }} = \frac{{{V_C}}}{{\cos \alpha }}\)
3
\(\frac{V}{{\cos \alpha }} = \frac{{{V_C}}}{{\sin \alpha }} = \frac{{{V_S}}}{{\sin \left( {\phi - \alpha } \right)}}\)
4
V cos α = VC sin α = VS cos (α - ϕ)

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