Directions: Given below is a pair of statements (i) and (ii). Assuming that the information given in both (i) and (ii) is true, decide the nature of their relationship. To determine the answer, do not assume anything beyond the given information.
Statement (i): High level of air pollution in the city
Statement (ii): Increase in respiratory and health-related problems in the population
1
Statement (ii) is the effect and statement (i) is the cause.
2
Both statements are effects of a common cause.
3
Both the statements are effects of some independent causes.
4
Statement (i) is the effect and statement (ii) is the cause.