Which of the following factors contribute to Punjab’s weak innovation ecosystem?
- Low investment in R&D, with only 0.39% of GSDP allocated to science and technology.
- Limited knowledge-intensive employment, particularly in IT and high-tech industries.
- Strong industry-university linkages, leading to higher patent filings.
- Financially weak higher education institutions, affecting research output.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1
1, 2, and 4 only
2
2 and 3 only
3
1, 3, and 4 only
4
1, 2, 3, and 4