In the context of international trade, which of the following best describes Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs)?
1
Trade taxes imposed on imports or exports to regulate cross-border trade.
2
Domestic regulations or measures that protect public health and the environment, with no impact on trade.
3
Trade restrictions that do not involve tariffs but can hinder the free flow of goods when applied arbitrarily or without scientific justification.
4
Voluntary trade agreements between countries to lower tariffs and ease customs procedures.