Which of the following revolutionary theories aligns most closely with the orthodox Marxist understanding of the role of the proletariat, or working class, in achieving a socialist revolution?
1
Lenin's theory of the vanguard party leading the revolution on behalf of the proletariat
2
Rosa Luxemburg's spontaneity theory, where the proletariat itself initiates the revolution
3
Eduard Bernstein's evolutionary socialism, emphasizing gradual reform through democratic means
4
Albert Camus' theory of the absurd, suggesting revolution as an existential struggle
5
Question Not Attempted