Binomial nomenclature, introduced by Carolus Linnaeus, is a formal system in biology for naming species using two Latin-based components: the genus name, which starts with a capital letter, and the specific epithet, starting with a lowercase letter. For instance, the apple, Malus domestica, and the mango, Mangifera indica, are examples where "Malus" and "Mangifera" represent the genera, while "domestica" and "indica" specify the species within those genera. Linnaeus' system ensures consistency and clarity in the scientific classification of living organisms, making him known as the father of taxonomy.