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Beijing announced plans to build a massive "super hydropower dam" in Tibet on a section of the Brahmaputra River near India. The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) included the construction of the world's largest dam on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in the foothills of the Himalayas, which is part of the country's national socio-economic and development goals. Although exact details are not publicly available, media reports state that the Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) and Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) government, Power Construction Corporation of China (PowerChina), will build a 50-meter-high hydroelectric dam at the great bend of the Brahmaputra in Medog, Tibet, near the Indian border. India has reacted with great alarm to the proposed dam and is deeply concerned. Delhi has also announced that it is considering building a 10-gigawatt dam to reduce the impact on water flow from China's megaproject.
Sino-Indian relations remain complex over shared water resources. The Brahmaputra River is the most important of the rivers crossing the Sino-Indian border. For both India and China, the world's two most populous countries, the Brahmaputra is essential for their socioeconomic development. The river accounts for about 30 per cent of India's freshwater resources and 40 per cent of its total hydroelectric potential. For China, the Brahmaputra's role in the country's total freshwater supply is limited, but the river plays an important role in Tibet's agriculture and energy industries, as well as its civilization. Nevertheless, growing populations mean that there is increasing pressure and demand on water resources in both countries.