Consider a species of aquatic fish that produce a defensive chemical when a predator is nearby. The chemical protects the group, including relatives, from predators but also has a metabolic cost to the fish producing it. In this species, individuals in the population have four phenotypes for the amount of chemical they produce, arranged in order from P < Q < R < S. The graph below gives the cost and benefit functions for chemical production for the four phenotypes.

Which of the following phenotype frequencies represents the correct outcome of natural selection?

1
Phenotype frequency: P = Q = R < S
2
Phenotype frequency: S > R > Q > P
3
Phenotype frequency: Q > (P = R) < S
4
Phenotype frequency: Q > P = R = S

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