In the realm of governance theory, scholars have posited that the transformation of modern states, influenced by globalization and intricate policy challenges, requires reimagining the role of traditional state apparatus. Considering this, which of the following statements best encapsulates the shift from "government" to "governance"?
1
Governance exclusively emphasizes the role of non-state actors, nullifying the significance of state institutions.
2
The transition to governance underscores a stronger centralized bureaucracy to tackle complex global issues.
3
Governance entails a diffusion of authority and collaboration among state, market, and civil society actors in policy formulation and implementation.
4
The governance model primarily focuses on the privatization of all public services to ensure efficiency.