Hannah Arendt, Michael Walzer and Benjamin Barber, as communitarian thinkers, would support which of the following propositions about citizenship?
1
Citizenship should be rooted in membership of a political community rather than based on universal rights.
2
Active participation in local self-government is not an essential aspect of engaged citizenship.
3
Citizens owe complete loyalty to the state and its institutions over community ties.
4
Citizenship status depends on an individual's economic productivity and market transactions.