Chronic stress can significantly impact the immune system and its cells. Which of the following statements accurately describe these effects?
A. Chronic stress leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
B. Chronic stress enhances the ability of T-cells to proliferate.
C. Chronic stress often results in the suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity.
D. Chronic stress promotes the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increased cortisol levels.
E. Chronic stress improves the functioning of B-cells and antibody production.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1
A, C, and D Only
2
B, D, and E Only
3
C Only
4
All of the above