Which of the following characteristics are commonly associated with intimate partner violence (IPV)?
1. Escalation of aggression over time
2. Financial independence of both partners
3. Isolation of the victim from family and friends
4. Mutual decision making in the relationship
1
1 and 3 only
2
2 and 3 only
3
1, 3, and 4 only
4
1 and 4 only