What is meant by the term "demographic dividend" in the context of population economics?
1
The economic benefit of having a high fertility rate and a growing population.
2
The economic growth potential resulting from shifts in a population's age structure, typically when the share of the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age share.
3
The increased economic burden caused by a large aging population in comparison to the working-age population.
4
The economic disadvantage obtained from having a mostly elderly population.