In the works of Nissim Ezekiel, the recurring motif of urban isolation can be understood as:
1
A critique of the alienating effects of Westernization on Indian society
2
A reflection on the post-independence intellectual’s disillusionment with the state
3
The existential crisis faced by individuals in modern cities torn between tradition and modernity
4
A satirical exploration of the disintegration of traditional Indian values in the face of globalism