Comprehension Passage

Read the following passage and then answer the following questions:

Article 48-A of the Constitution provides that the state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. Clause (g) of Article 51A stipulates that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. Although these are not justiciable provisions of the Constitution, they are indications that the Constitution recognizes the importance of the natural world. The importance of the environment, as indicated by these provisions, becomes a right in other parts of the Constitution. Article 21 recognizes the right to life and Personal liberty while Article 14 indicates that all persons shall have equality before law and the equal protection of laws. These Articles are important sources of the right to clean environment and the right against the adverse effects of climate change.

The above paragraph reflects the Judgement in case of __________ .

1
M.K. Ranjitsinh v. Union of India
2
Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India
3
Sita Soren v. Union of India
4
M.C. Mehta v. Union of India 

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