Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a global health, human rights and development issue that transcends geography, class, culture, age, race and religion to affect every community and country in every corner of the world. The article 1 of UN Declaration on the Elimination of violence 1993 provides a definition of gender-based abuse, calling it 'any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, Sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occuring in public or in private life'. In India, gender based violence, has many manifestations; from the more universally prevalent forms of domestic and sexual violence including rape, to harmful practices such as dowry, honour killings, acid attacks, child sexual abuse, etc. Other than these, India is also grappling with violence due to inequalities in social life, displacement and communal incidents. Ministry of Finance, GOI, has established 'Nirbhaya Fund' for women safety. The working group on women's Agency and Empowerment had recommended setting up of one stop crisis centres, on pilot basis with a 24 hour help line. The scheme for one stop centre was approved for implementation. It aims to facilitate access to an integrated range of services including medical aid, police assistance, legal aid, psychological counselling to women affected by violence. Under the scheme, it has been envisaged that one stop centres would be set up across the country in phased manner. In the first phase, one centre was sanctioned per State/UT. Further, 150 additional centres were taken up in second phase during 2016-17. Thus a total of 186 OSC's have been sanctioned so far and 166 of the same are operational as on 12.12.2017.
Following are considered the manifestations of Gender based violence in India:
(a) Domestic violence
(b) Violence due to communal incidents
(c) Violence due to displacement
(d) Sexual violence
Choose the correct option: