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Epstein analyses the impact of a Government-sponsored modern irrigation project on the economic and social structure of two, differently located, villages in Mysore State. She is particularly interested in tracing the effects of technological innovation and economic change on the institutional structures of the two villages. She finds that, although the development of modern commercialized agriculture had brought about a shift in the social and economic life of the communities, the pattern of development varied according to whether the village lay in the central zone of irrigation or on the fringe. In the case of Wangala village, which reaped the full benefits of irrigation and therefore expanded its existing agricultural economy, development was unilinear 'in the sense that new opportunities were in line with the former mode of economic organization and this resulted relatively little change in social structure. On the other hand, Dalena village, which was on the fringes of the irrigation area and therefore could not participate directly in the cash-crop economy, exhibited a pattern of economic diversification as its inhabitants responded to increased employment opportunities in the nearby town became contractors for the public works department, and engaged in various small-scale commercial activities. Some of them even bought up irrigated land or worked as agricultural labourers in neighboring villages. As their greater involvement in a wider range of economic relations and of the impact of multifarious urban influences, Dalena social structure underwent considerable transformation.... While Smelser tends towards a unilinear view of development and writes of the change from multifunctional roles to more specialized structures, Epstein shows how 'economic development may occur without change in traditional economic roles and relations.