Guilford initially started his work on SOI extending Thurstone's theory of primary abilities but later on diverged on the grounds

i) Obtained factors were not primary (independent) rather related to each other.

ii) Thurstone's factor analysis was mainly oriented to get simple structure.

iii) It was found difficult to name the abilities / factors found in data.

iv) Like Thurstone, Guilford found second-order and higher-order factors.

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