The implications of constructivist theory for Instructional design is reflected through which of the statements given below?

a) Instructional design should be specific and learning outcome related

b) Instructional design should promote participatory approaches leading to creation of meaning giving processes.

c) Instructional designs should be specific so that learning outcomes are measured accurately

d) Instructional designs should provide scope for challening learning contexts and proactive moves

e) Instructional designs promote cognitive rather than meta-cognitive process

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: