Match the following approaches with their key characteristics:
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| i) Systems Approach | a) Focus on privatization and market mechanisms |
| ii) New Public Management (NPM) | b) Interconnected inputs, processes, and outputs |
| iii) Development Administration | c) Emphasis on social equity and justice |
| iv) New Public Administration | d) Focus on nation-building and capacity-building |
1
i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
2
i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-d
3
i-d, ii-b, iii-a, iv-c
4
i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a