Which of the following statements regarding the architectural styles of ancient Indian stupas is correct?
- The hemispherical dome, symbolizing the universe, forms the central architectural element of a stupa, embodying the Buddhist cosmological view.
- Stupas were exclusively constructed to house the relics of the Buddha and never served as locations for worship or meditation.
- The prominent gateways, or toranas, surrounding stupas are often elaborately carved with scenes depicting the life of the Buddha and Jataka tales.
- The Great Stupa at Sanchi, commissioned by Emperor Ashoka, is notable for its absence of a harmika or parasol atop the dome.
Options:
1
1, 2, and 3 only
2
1 and 3 only
3
2 and 4 only
4
1, 3, and 4 only