Why is the term "sexual deceit" used to describe the way some orchids - like Ophrys - are pollinated?
1
Because the orchid directly benefits from sexual reproduction between bees.
2
Because the orchid flowers produce a perfume that mimics the pheromones of female bees, leading to bee reproduction
3
Because one petal of the orchid mimics the appearance of a female bee, deceiving male bees into attempting mating (pseudocopulation), during which pollination occurs.
4
Because the bees are intentionally spreading their pollen to the orchids in exchange for the chance to mate.