Comprehension Passage
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) led by Mahatma Gandhi was one of the first mass movements against British colonial rule. It sought to boycott British goods, institutions, and elections, and encouraged the revival of Indian handicrafts. The movement drew support from across India but was suspended after the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, where violent clashes between protestors and police occurred. Despite its early suspension, the movement set the stage for subsequent campaigns of civil disobedience.
The Non-Cooperation Movement introduced a new phase in Indian nationalism. Which of the following statements best reflects the larger impact of this movement on the Indian National Congress?
1
The movement established the Congress as a radical organization advocating for violent resistance.
2
The Congress transitioned from elite-led political discussions to mass mobilization and direct engagement with rural and urban populations.
3
The movement led to a complete breakdown of unity within the Congress, with moderates opposing it.
4
The Congress abandoned Gandhian principles after the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.