Comprehension Passage

When we consider the vastness of the universe and the uniqueness of life, like the stars we observe from millions of years ago, we realize that both biological and cosmic evolution are processes illustrating the dynamic and ever-changing nature of existence. Darwin's study of finches on the same island revealed that from the original seed-eating birds, many other forms with altered beaks evolved, leading to insectivorous and vegetarian finches. Similar patterns are seen with Australian marsupials. Evolution is driven by natural selection.

Which observation about populations did Thomas Malthus make that influenced Darwin's thinking on natural selection?

1
Populations grow continuously without any restrictions.
2
Population sizes are kept in check by limited resources, leading to competition for survival
3
Evolution only occurs in human populations, not in other species.
4
Resources are unlimited, allowing all organisms to survive and reproduce

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