Adsorption is a critical surface phenomenon where molecules of a substance, referred to as the adsorbate, accumulate on the surface of another substance called the adsorbent, rather than being distributed throughout the bulk. This process is pivotal in various industrial applications due to its specificity and efficiency in separating substances based on their physical and chemical properties. Physisorption involves weak van der Waals forces and is generally reversible, making it suitable for applications where temporary surface interactions are required. In contrast, chemisorption involves strong chemical bonds, typically covalent or ionic, leading to irreversible changes. This type is essential for processes requiring stable and permanent adsorption, such as catalysis in chemical reactors.