Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Sea plants are very important for the survival of marine animals. Without this, there would be no life in the sea. When an oil spill happens there will be no entry of oxygen into the sea. This will lead to the death of sea plants due to a lack of oxygen. Additionally, the lack of oxygen means there will be no photosynthesis. Aquatic animals are the most affected when an oil spill happens. They will die to the lack of oxygen in the sea. Apart from just dying they usually starve for a while. For example, some seabirds usually use scent to locate their babies and when an oil spill happens it means that they will not be able to find their babies. Other sea animals affected by oil spills are sea mammals. When this catastrophe happens the fur of these sea mammals is affected. The fur is important because it always acts as an insulator. And when oil comes into contact with the fur it reduces its insulating effect leading to death. Coral reefs act as a habitat for marine animals. Once coral reefs come into contact with oil, they tend to stop their growth. And when this happens it causes enormous effects to live organisms in the water. Most affected are marine invertebrates which depend on corals for survival. 

Oil spill doesn’t affect marine life alone but also humans are threatened when a spill happens. Petroleum products contain toxic chemicals such as benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and toluene. When these chemicals are inhaled by humans it causes health problems. More especially they affect the lungs which are a major organ in the human body responsible for breathing. Clean drinking water is essential for human life. The lack of clean drinking water may lead to waterborne diseases hence causing death. This epidemic once happened in Malaysia when oil spilled into a water supply. Once an oil spill happens in a location where tourism is the key financial factor, the number of people who visit that region reduces drastically. This causes tough economic times in that region or country.