Directions: A sentence is given below, and in the options, there are four passages given. Find out from which passage the given sentence can be inferred and mark that as your answer. If the given sentence can not be inferred from any of the given passages, mark 'none of these' as your answer.
Inference - Seeking shelter in air-conditioned environments and using portable air filters can mitigate the health risks of extreme heat and air pollution.
1
There are several ways that combined exposure to extreme heat and particulate air pollution can harm human health. Oxidative stress is the most common biological pathway linked with particulate air pollution and heat exposure. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of highly reactive molecules known as reactive oxygen species, or ROS, and the body’s ability to remove them. It’s been linked with lung diseases, among other illnesses.
2
Older adults may be more susceptible to the effects of extreme heat and air pollution exposure, in part because this stress comes on top of age-related chronic health conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, or chronic lung disease. Impaired body temperature regulation in response to heat can also occur with aging. And older adults may be less mobile and therefore less able to get to cooling centers or to medical care and be less able to afford air conditioning.
3
Many county and state health departments already provide alerts about extreme heat and extreme air pollution. Developing a special category of alert during co-occurring extremes may be beneficial to public health. Governments also need to take steps now to avoid the worst future climate change scenarios. Some best practices for cities include creating a cooling shade cover and green space that will also reduce particle pollution.
4
Further research is needed to better understand these effects, such as the full impact of wildfire smoke exposure. However, enough is known that people should take measures to reduce their risk of harm during periods of extreme heat or air pollution. That means staying well hydrated and keeping cool. Shopping malls and other air-conditioned public spaces can provide a refuge from the heat. Home air conditioning, especially during nighttime, can reduce mortality. A portable air filter in the bedroom can markedly reduce particle pollution levels.
5
None of these