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Born on 27 March 1915 to Rameswar Saikia and Swarnalata in North Lakhimpur in Assam, Pushpalata Das did her schooling at Panbazar Girls High School. She started her political activities in her school days and was the secretary of an organization by the name of Mukti Sangha. In 1931, she and her comrades organized a protest against the hanging of the revolutionary, Bhagat Singh by the British Raj and were expelled from school.

She continued her studies ____ a private student and passed the matriculation examination in 1934, after which she joined Benaras Hindu University to complete her intermediate course. Later, she graduated from Andhra University and secured a post-graduate degree from the same university in 1938. Subsequently, she enrolled herself for studies in law at Earle Law College, Guwahati where continued her student politics; she was the secretary of the college union in 1940. It was during this time, Gandhiji called for Individual Satyagraha, as a part of the civil disobedience movement and as a precursor to the Quit India Movement which would be launched two years later, and Das participated in the movement. She was incarcerated which effectively cut short her law studies.

Due to her association with the National Planning Committee as a member of its Women Sub Committee, Das moved to Mumbai that year and stayed there for two years. Her activities gave her opportunities to work alongside Mridula Sarabhai and Vijaya Laxmi Pandit as well as Omeo Kumar Das, then sitting member of the Assam Legislative Assembly, whom she married in 1942. She returned to Assam after her marriage and formed two organizations, Shanti Bahini and Mrityu Bahini.

After the Indian independence in 1947, the Das couple focused their activities in Dhekiajuli in Assam which Omeo Kumar Das represented in Assam Legislative Assembly for successive terms from 1951 to 1967. Pushpalata Das herself was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1951 and held the position in 1961. It was during this period she led the 1957 election campaign of Chandraprava Saikiani from the Bajali constituency. Later, she was elected to the Congress Working Committee in 1958 and the next year, she visited a number of East European countries as a member of the parliamentary delegation. In 1967, she contested from Dhekiajuli when her husband vacated the constituency, winning the election representing Indian National Congress and repeating the success in 1971. After the death of her husband on 23 January 1975, Das withdrew from parliamentary politics, concentrating more on social service. She served as the chairperson of the Assam chapter of the All India Khadi Board and chaired the state boards of Bhudan and Gramdan initiatives. She was also associated with the Central Social Welfare Board and served as a member of the women's section of the Congress Planning Committee and the East India wing of the Censor Board of India. She edited the Assamese magazine, Jayanti and headed the Assam branch of the Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust for a certain period of time. She also published one book, Rajaram Sukla rashtriyaatma varcasva evam krtitva, san 1898-1962, released in 1976.