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August marked the 42nd anniversary of the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP), a government initiative to address the burden of mental disorders. In the previous Monsoon Session of Parliament, the Ministry of Family and Health Welfare (MoHFW) reaffirmed its dedication to improving access to quality mental healthcare services across the nation, saying that the Central government was currently working on a “mission mode” to address mental health as a public health issue. In reply to a question in the Lok Sabha, the Health Ministry said a section of the NMHP, targeting districts, had been approved for execution in as many as 738 districts. The British Raj in 1943 formed a committee to assess the state of health in the country and provide recommendations to improve the public health system. The panel, known after its chairman, senior civil servant Joseph Bhore, published its two-part report in 1946; it is considered a landmark health policy document, charting a course to develop a contemporary public health delivery system in the country. The report shed light on the unfavourable conditions prevalent in the country at the time. Notably, it shone a spotlight on the issue of mental well-being in pre-Independent Indian society. “The physical and mental health of an individual are interrelated and no health program can be considered complete without adequate provision for the treatment of mental ill-health and promotion of positive mental health,” it said. The provision for institutional care for those with mental illnesses in India was 130 times less than in England. The Committee concluded that chronic starvation or malnutrition, tropical fevers, anaemia, and frequent childbirth in women unfit for motherhood were primarily responsible for a large number of breakdowns in the country. In its recommendations, the Bhore Committee proposed a mental health program and an investigation into the needs of various provinces. The panel identified two urgent needs to be addressed through a dedicated program: an improvement in existing mental health facilities and training for health workers. To achieve this objective, the Committee proposed to increase hospital beds and mental health institutions across the country, train human resources, and establish a mental health department in the then-proposed All India Medical Institute.