Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions :

Science has obviously multiplied the power of the war-makers. The weapons of the moment can kill more people more secretly and more unpleasantly than those of the past. This progress — as for want of another word I must call it — this progress has been going on for some time. It has been said of each new weapon that it is so destructive and horrible that it will frighten people into their wits and force the nations to give up war for lack of cannon fodder. This hope has never been fulfilled, and I know no one who takes refuge in it today. The acts of men and women are not dictated by such simple compulsions and they themselves do not stand in any simple relation to the decision of the nations which they compromise. Grapeshot, TNT and gas have not helped to outlaw war and I see no sign that the hydrogen bomb or a whiff of bacteria will be more successful in making men wise by compulsion.

Secondly, science at the same time has given the nations quite new occasions for falling out. I do not mean such simple objectives as someone else's uranium mine or a Pacific Island which happens to be knee-deep in organic fertilizer. I do not mean merely another nation's factories and her skilled production. These are all parts of the surplus above our simple needs which gives our civilization the character and war in our times battens on this surplus. This is the object of the greed of nations and this also gives them the leisure to train and the means to arm for war. At bottom, we have remained individually too greedy to distribute our surplus and collectively too stupid to pile it up in any more useful form than the traditional mountains of arms. Science has created the surplus. Now put this year's budget beside the budget of 1750, anywhere in the world, and you will see what we are doing with it.