Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

A series of psychological experiments were conducted by Professor Milgram to study the effect of punishment on learning. In these experiments two participants had to take part as teacher and learner. Participants in the Teacher role were asked to deliver electric shock when learners answered wrong answers for memory based questions. In the experiment, Teachers were willing to give continued, intense, and dangerous levels of shock to pleading learners. In reality, no real shock was delivered; the Learner, the victim who repeatedly cried out in agony for mercy and release, was not a true subject but an actor who only pretended to be shocked. The actual purpose of Milgram’s Study involved an entirely different question: When it is their job, how much suffering will ordinary people be willing to inflict on innocent people?

The answer is most unsettling. The typical Teacher was willing to deliver as much pain as was available to give. Rather than yield to the pleas of the victim, about two thirds of the subjects in Milgram’s experiment pulled every one of the thirty shock switches in front of them and continued to engage the last switch (450 volts) until the researcher ended the experiment. The results of this study surprised everyone associated with the project, Milgram included. The reason for such inhuman behavior of a ‘teacher’, according to Milgram, is that his subject’s inability to defy the wishes of the boss of the study—the lab-coated researcher who urged and, if need be, directed the subjects to perform their duties, despite the emotional and physical mayhem they were causing. This blind obedience to authority made them do such inhuman acts.