Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Nobel Prizes are announced annually in the fall since 1901. It covers five different disciplines: chemistry, physics, literature, peace and physiology/medicine. Additionally, there is an economics prize awarded at the Nobel ceremony. The entire procedure of the announcement of winners takes a whole year. In the month of September, the Nobel Committee invites more than 6,000 individuals to submit names for consideration. A person cannot nominate himself or herself. Only Nobel laureates, members of the Nobel Committees, holders of chairs in chosen prestigious universities, national governing body members, and other selected notable scientists and leaders in each of the categories have the right to nominate. These nominators are chosen in such a way that as many countries and universities as possible are represented over time. The names of the nominees and other information about the nominations cannot be revealed until 50 years later.
The last date of the submission is 31st January. The committee then screens nominations. Sometimes, the list may contain more than 1,000 names. A working list is made with 350 names. However, the number depends on the field. Disciplines like Physics and Economics have the most names. While the peace award list is much smaller. By spring, that list gets whittled down to almost 15 names, with the help of expert consultation.
The recommendations are given to the prize-awarding institutions, which determine final selections. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences confers the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics. The Karolinska Institute confers the prize for physiology or medicine. The Swedish Academy confers the prize for literature; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee confers the prize for peace. The awards ceremony takes place in December. Official Nobel laureates are honoured with a cash prize, diploma and gold medal. Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously. However, if a person is awarded a prize and he dies before receiving it, the prize is presented.