Read the given passage and the answer the following questions  -

The Arctic is an extraordinary geographical location that holds immense importance for our planet. Located primarily within the Arctic Circle, it constitutes the northernmost region of Earth, with an area of about 14.05 million square kilometers. Its primary features include the Arctic Ocean, parts of Canada, Russia, Greenland, the United States (Alaska), Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland.

The Arctic is known for its extreme conditions, characterised by a frigid, icy landscape that features permafrost, snow-covered mountains, and enormous icebergs. Contrary to popular belief, penguins do not inhabit this icy world; instead, its wildlife is teeming with species like polar bears, Arctic foxes, walruses, seals, and myriad bird species, including puffins and terns.

The region's sea ice plays a critical role in regulating global climate as it reflects sunlight off its brilliant white surface back into space, a natural process known as the albedo effect. However, due to global warming, the Arctic is melting at an alarming rate and experiencing reduced ice coverage, causing more sunlight to be absorbed by the ocean, leading to a rise in global temperatures.

In addition to its natural significance, the Arctic holds strategic importance. It is rich in resources, including fisheries and vast untapped reserves of oil and natural gas. As the Arctic ice melts, it unveils new shipping routes, sparking geopolitical interest among nations.

The indigenous people of the Arctic, known collectively as the Inuit, have lived in harmony with the harsh Arctic environment for thousands of years, mastering survival techniques and crafting a vibrant culture spun around ice and snow. Changes here due to climate change are profoundly affecting their traditional way of life. Maintaining the health of the Arctic isn't just pivotal for the local ecosystems and communities, but for the whole planet.