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For centuries people belonging to different religious communities have been living together in India without any friction or ill will. Major communities in India are the Hindus, the Muslims, the Sikhs, the Christians, the Parsees, the Jains, the Buddhists, etc. All these communities lived with each other in perfect toleration. It was only at the turn of the century that the British rulers in India followed the policy of divide and rule and with that the gulf between various religious communities very considerably increased. The device of giving separate representation to each major community in elected bodies and civil services widened the gap, particularly among two major Indian communities, namely, the Hindus and the Muslims. When late Muhammed Ali Jinnah expounded his two-nation theory, the gap between these communities still more widened. The result of all this was that there was communal hatred. Before the partition of the country, there were communal riots in some parts of the country resulting in the killing of several hundred people and looting and burning of property worth crores of rupees. Everything inhuman and unhuman was done in the name of religion.

The country had to be partitioned because the Muslim League, under the leadership of M.A. Jinnah made it clear that the Muslims and the Hindus were two separate nations, which could not live together and partition of India was the only solution to communal and political problems of the country. In 1947, India was partitioned and with that migration of population started. Conditions in the country were such that it was almost impossible for the Hindus to respectfully live in the areas which formed Pakistan and thus they had to migrate. From India, some of the Muslims migrated but a vast majority decided to remain in the county. When the constitution was being enacted there was a demand that the Hindus should have full control over the political life of India because the country had been partitioned on the basis of two nations theory and that the Muslims had got their homeland. They should migrate there and if they decided to live in India they should remain as second-rate citizens. But leadership at that time firmly stood against this viewpoint. It was made clear that religion should have no part and role to play in Indian politics. It had already done sufficient harm and could not be allowed to do more harm to our polity. It was, therefore, decided that India will be a secular state and subsequently this was incorporated even in the preamble of the constitution itself.