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In 1941, many countries of the world were at war. In Europe, Germany and Italy were fighting together to expand their territories. Germany had already taken over the Netherlands, Poland, Denmark and France and had also been bombing Great Britain. The war in Europe had spilled into Africa, with German and Italian troops fighting British troops in North Africa. Japan joined an alliance with Germany and Italy, which was called the Axis as it wanted to take control of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. The U.S. had not joined the fighting, although many Americans wanted to join the war to stop the Axis from taking over Europe and Asia. President Franklin Roosevelt wanted to discourage Japan from invading countries in Asia. In early 1941, he moved the U.S. warships in the Pacific to Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. Japan needed oil. The Dutch East Indies, which is now Indonesia, had a large supply of oil and the Japanese government decided to invade it in order to have an oil supply. They also developed a plan to keep the U.S. from interfering with the invasion. On Sunday, December 7, 1941, over 350 Japanese war planes from six aircraft carriers began bombing the U.S. ships at Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack began at 7:48 a.m. and was over in 90 minutes. Eight U.S. battleships were damaged; four had been sunk. Over 2,400 U.S. military personnel had been killed.