Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Delhi, the brash, bustling Indian capital of today, was, in effect, born in 1947. In the wake of India's partition, thousands of Muslims fled, while Hindu and Sikh refugees poured in. Delhi took in nearly half a million refugees from Pakistan before and after August, 1947. Large parts of today's Delhi grew out of the refugee camps that sprung up along its limits 74 years ago.
In 1942, little existed beyond Civil Lines known for its 'European-style hotels', including the famous Maidens Hotel. North of that was a vast tract of empty land on 'Kingsway'. This was earmarked for the Viceroy's house (which later became the Rashtrapati Bhavan), which was eventually built on Raisina Hill. Kingsway itself would become home to the Kingsway Camp, Delhi's largest refugee camp.
By 1956, Delhi's northern limits expanded. The Indian government had allotted 2,000 acres of land to the Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation to permanently resettle refugees. One of the earliest such colonies to come up was Vijay Nagar, west of Civil Lines. Model Town, further up, and to the west, was also on the map by then.
The South Delhi of today was agricultural land in the 1940s, until the government started buying land there to permanently resettle refugees. Officials from the Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation drove through these parts, and even rode through on horseback, inspecting land for refugee colonies. By 1956, southern Delhi began to take shape with the appearance of Lajpat Nagar, Defence Colony and Malviya Nagar. But the rest of what forms South Delhi today was not on the map yet. Barring Malviya Nagar in the far south, where land had been allocated for industries, the South Delhi of 1956 was still largely made up of villages and splendid, ghostly tombs.
Land in western Delhi was allotted to refugees after 1947. These refugee colonies, U-shaped with a park in the middle, became the template for subsequent neighbourhoods, partly because they were built by the same urban planners who shaped Delhi through the 50 s and 60s. But this was the beginning of Rajinder Nagar, West Patel Nagar, Moti Nagar, Rajouri Gardens: overwhelmingly Punjabi neighbourhoods that are today quintessentially Delhi. "The city that was once a Mughal city, then a British city, had by the 1950s emphatically become a Punjabi city," according to historian V N Dutta. The adjectives for Delhi also changed: what was once stately, languid and literary became boisterous, hearty and enterprising. And its map was transformed.