engineering recuitment HAL Management & Design Trainee Mock Test 2023 Control Systems State Space Analysis Observability
The linear time-invariant system is represented by the state space model as
\(\frac{dx}{dt} \) = AX + BU
Y = CX + DU
Consider n=number of state variables, m= number of inputs, and p=number of outputs. The observability matrix is given by:
1
QO = [CT : ATCT ∶ (AT)2CT .... (AT)n-1CT]
2
Q0 = [SI-A]
3
Q0 = [B ∶ AB ∶ A2B .... An-1B]
4
Q0 = [ C ∶ CA ∶ C2A .... Cn-1A]