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If O is the saving in annual road user costs whose annual savings in accident cost is A and P is the capital cost of the improvement. Also, consider M as additional maintenance cost. The expression for percentage rate of return (R) is given by
1
\(R=\frac{O-A-M}{P}\times 100\)
2
\(R=\frac{O+A-M}{P}\times 100\)
3
\(R=\frac{O+P-M}{A}\times 100\)
4
\(R=\frac{O+A+P}{M}\times 100\)