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The roots of sustainable development can be traced back to the 1972 Stockholm Conference, where development was for the first time linked to the environment, emphasising the need for efforts at the international level.Sustainability is the ability of the earth's various systems including human cultural systems and economics, to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Sustainable development implies a change in all aspects of life in a way that causes little damage to the environment. It is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The chief cause of unsustainability is the exponential growth of human population and overexploitation of natural resources. In developing countries, resource exploitation occurs chiefly to meet the needs of every increasing human population for food, fuel, fodder, and shelter. Various human activities like agriculture, deforestation, over-fishing, overuse of fresh water, etc. result in environmental degradation and social disintegration.

We have used technology to alter much of the rest of nature to meet our growing needs, like we have reduced biodiversity by destroying wildlife habitats. Some populations of pest species and disease-causing bacteria have been strengthened through indiscriminate use of pesticides and antibiotics. Renewable resources have been used faster than they can be regenerated, thus turning grasslands into deserts.

Sustainable development is further threatened by poverty, political instability, population growth, undernourishment, and high consumption of natural resources. We need to act quickly to avoid disasters in the near future.