A first-order filter is described by the system function:

\({\rm{H}}\left( {\rm{z}} \right) = {b_0}\frac{{1 + b{z^{ - 1}}}}{{1 + a{z^{ - 1}}}}\)

For a = 0.5 and b = - 0.6, this system is

1
stable, if it is causal
2
stable, if it is anti-causal
3
unstable, if it is causal
4
stable irrespective of its causality.

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