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The term "Uniform Civil Code" refers to the formulation and implementation of such personal laws of citizens that are equally applicable to all citizens regardless of their caste, creed, or religion. At present, the personal laws of different communities are different and are governed according to their religious texts and scriptures. The formulation and implementation of a Uniform Civil Code across the country was one of the contentious matters prevailing in the country before independence. This is an important issue regarding secularism in Indian politics. It remains disputed by India's political parties, Muslim groups, and some other conservative religious groups and sects in defense of their religious practices. In India, the Personal Laws of all sects and religions are essentially covered by the Uniform Civil Code. Public laws are distinct from personal laws. Personal law deals with issues such as inheritance, adoption, divorce, and maintenance. While formulating national policies, Article 44 of the Indian Constitution requires the Indian state to apply directive principles and common law to all Indian citizens. In contrast, Articles 25–28 of the Indian Constitution guarantee religious freedom to Indian citizens and permit religious groups to conduct their own affairs. 
 
Practices like triple talaq and polygamy adversely affect the right to life and dignity of women. Uniform Civil Code emerged as an important topic in 1985 after the Shah Bano case. The debate started when the question of making certain laws applicable to all citizens arose. These laws should be without curtailing the fundamental right of the right to practice religious practices. These laws should be without curtailing the fundamental right of the right to practice religious practices. That debate then focused on Muslim personal law, which is partly based on Sharia law that allows unilateral divorce, polygamy, and divorce. The creation of the Uniform Civil Code is faced with opposition mainly by Muslims, the Indian Left, and the orthodox section of Hindus as a threat to religious freedom.