An irrigation canal has a steady discharge Q at a section where a cross-regulation (gate) is provided for control  purposes. If the gate of the regulator, which is normally fully open, is suddenly lowered down to a half-open position, then a rapidly varied unsteady flow results both upstream and downstream of the gate. In such a case, it would take the form of

1
a positive surge moving u/s and a negative surge moving d/ s 
2
a positve surge moving d /s and a negative surge moving u / s
3
a postive surge moving u /s and a positive surge moving d /s 
4
a negative surge moving u /s and a negative surge moving  d / s 

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