Consider that the water is flowing through the pipe & the valve is provided at the end of the pipe.

Let L = length of the pipe

T = Time required to close the valve

C = Velocity of pressure wave

Then valve closure is said to be gradual if

1
\(T > \frac{{2L}}{c}\)
2
\(T < \frac{{2L}}{c}\)
3
\(T > \frac{L}{c}\)
4
\(T < \frac{L}{c}\)

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