railway RRB JE (CBT I + CBT II) Mock Test 2024 Design of Steel Structures Structural Fasteners Bolted Connections
If the load is transmitted by bolts or rivets through some but not all the cross-sectional elements of the member, the effective area Ae is computed by using net area An and the reduction coefficient U as
1
Ae = U An
2
Ae = An / U
3
Ae = 0.87 U An
4
Ae = 0.66 U An