Total gradient line (or total energy line) is parallel to hydraulic gradient line with a vertical distance of _________. (The symbols have their usual meanings.) 

1
\(\left(\frac{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{W}}\right)+\left(\frac{\mathrm{v}^2}{2 \mathrm{~g}}\right)+\mathrm{z}\)
2
\(\left(\frac{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{W}}\right)+\mathrm{z}\)
3
\(\frac{v^2}{2 g}\)
4
\(\frac{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{w}}\)

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