A Sudden closure of a valve at the downstream end of a pipe leading from a reservoir will cause a water hammer. The length of this pipe is 'L' and the speed of the pressure wave is 'a'. If the time of closure of valve is 'tc', then valve closure is said to be rapid only when:

1
\(\frac{L}{{2a}} \ge {t_c}\)
2
\(\frac{L}{{a}} \ge {t_c}\)
3
\(\frac{2L}{{a}} = {t_c}\)
4
\(\frac{2L}{{a}} \ge {t_c}\)

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